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Sequence 4teaching be continued in a secondary school. Plans were devised to open a Montessori high school in Amsterdam and my father… |
Sequence 5For all that, I thought it must be possible to apply certain funda- mental principles of the Montessori method to secondary… |
Sequence 6indulge in free activities according to their own interests and at their own tempo. Moral strength is not increased by mutual… |
Sequence 7wished to take an examination, its requirements more or less obliged them to cover the stipulated curriculum. In this way it… |
Sequence 8Making mistakes should not be constantly punished with a red pencil or bad marks, from which only mistaken feelings of guilt… |
Sequence 9approach his teacher who then sets an oral or a written test to determine if the pupil does know his subjects. If the teacher… |
Sequence 10exams in mind there is a somewhat stricter working-program which, to conform to exam requirements, candidates are obliged to… |
Sequence 11The most important festivals in the school are the days of the communal Christmas dinner, arranged by the children themselves… |
Sequence 1ciphers; and as many excellent pupils are produced by traditional schools, we must be careful not to equivocate and do… |
Sequence 2The Hershey Montessori Farm School, Huntsburg, Ohio 270 The NAMTA Journal • Vol. 26, No. 3 • Summer 2001 |
Sequence 3WHY NOT CONSIDER ERDKINDER? by Peter Gebhardt-Seele Dr. Peter Gebhardt Seele describes the Erdkinder ideal in relation to… |
Sequence 4developed a program for the third plane of development. For the children at that age she created the term Erdkinder. The word… |
Sequence 5easily swayed by peers. There are intense emotions, a heightened sensitivity to criticism and a decrease in intellectual… |
Sequence 6• A boarding situation with some adults, on a farm, not too far from the city, but ina rural environment, in a farming commu… |
Sequence 7related to the farm work: studying the soil chemistry, the meteorology of the area, and the physics of the tractor motor. (If… |
Sequence 8A difficulty, certainly felt in Europe-but in this country too-is the anxiety related to curriculum: that students might not… |
Sequence 9twelve years, parents have their chance. Whatever wasn't achieved during that time cannot simply be made up. Another… |
Sequence 10farming was a romantic adventure. Then, during the war, as food was scarce, it became a very serious activity. We literally… |
Sequence 11part of my thinking. It seems that what others do around you rubs off on you. So we need not be concerned about our Erdkinder… |
Sequence 12to become ready for success in later life. Actually, Montessori main- tains that fulfilling their present needs is the most… |
Sequence 13REFERENCE Montessori, Maria. From Childhood to Adolescence. 1948. ew York: Schocken, 1973. The NAMTA Journal 281 |
Sequence 14282 The NAMTA Journal • Vol. 26, No. 3 • Summer 2001 |
Sequence 15A HISTORICAL LOOK AT MONTESSORI' S ERDKINDER by Devan Barker Devan Barker's scholarly exploration into the German… |
Sequence 16The upshot of all of this is that the English text of the Erdkinder essay, long considered inferior and second- ary to the… |
Sequence 17movements of Germany at the time. Why attach a German name to a concept that was originally presented in Italian and published… |
Sequence 18and Holland, where the interest was greatest, Montessori told her followers that she wasn't yet ready to discuss this… |
Sequence 19Montessori lectured in Italian. The "Erdkinder" essay was included in this book by no later than the third… |
Sequence 20all contributed to a spirit of reevalua tion and reform in education that began in the last decades of the nineteenth century… |
Sequence 21reason that the twentieth century was early christened the "Century of the Child." At the same time that… |
Sequence 22university where he buried himself in theology and philosophy with an eye to the ministry, eventually finishing his doctoral… |
Sequence 23students to apprentice themselves to master craftsmen, usually school employees or experts brought to the school for that… |
Sequence 24intellectually and culturally accountable (tiichtig). They were to "think clearly, experience deeply, and desire… |
Sequence 25tantly, education were all associated almost exclusively with the city, which grew as a cultural rather than industrial center… |
Sequence 26Finally, academic learning was to be closely tied to the interests of the students and was to be thoroughly integrated with… |
Sequence 27School it is not a question of keeping the child active but of seeing that the child is impelled to activity out of its own… |
Sequence 28techniques of gardening. These courses eventually developed into multi-week excursions to the country, where fire-building,… |
Sequence 29ideas of Erdkinder out of this milieu is the thesis that the documenta- tion in this paper seeks to demonstrate. She as much… |
Sequence 30D1scuss10N The purpose of establishing that Montessori launched her own ideas against the background of the… |
Sequence 31road to achieving economic independence." A big difference, perhaps the largest difference, of the Erdkinder when… |
Sequence 32from fairly affluent families who ran away from home for the thrill of becoming street musicians and earnjng a few pennies on… |
Sequence 33Although Montessori certainly saw many benefits to placing a boarding school on a functioning farm, we have seen that her… |
Sequence 1lighted, is her emphasis on earning a wage and becoming economi- cally independent to the greatest degree possible. This… |
Sequence 2larger educational universe? How can we assure that our Erdkinder efforts might be different? What could a detailed study of… |
Sequence 3really meant is often arduous work and could potentially make prac- tical implementation more complicated, but in our desire… |
Sequence 4INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TEXTS CONCERNING ERDKINDER Excerpted from Winfried Bohm. International Montessori Bibliogra… |
Sequence 5Secondary Literature Entries marked with an askerisk (•) are reprinted in this issue of The NAMT A Journal. Bodi, John.&… |
Sequence 6Epstein, Paul. A Montessori Program for the 7th and 8th Grade. Pamphlet. Glenndale, MD: CEkos, a Foundation for Edu- cation,… |
Sequence 7*Kahn, David. "The Kibbutz, Boys' Town, Williamsburg and the Montessori Erdkinder." NAMT A Quarterly 4.… |
Sequence 8Marchetti, Maria Teresa. "La scuola per gli adolescenti- IJI." Vita del/'lnfanzia 2.3 (1953) 7+.… |
Sequence 9Wheatley, Helen. "Erdkinder in Australia." Montessori Courier 2.3 (1990): 24-25. Wikramaratne, Lena. &… |
Sequence 10Alphei, Hartmut. "Die Landerziehungsheime und ihre Geschichte. Archive in den Landerziehungsheimen. Das gemeinsame… |
Sequence 11Roehrs, Herma_nn. Die Reformpaedagogik. Ursprung und Verlauf unter internationalem Aspekt. 4 vols. Weinheim: Deutscher… |
Sequence 12Vogel, Johann P. "Von der Reformpaedagogik zum oekologischen Humanismus." Piidagogik und Schu/a/ltag 48.1… |
Sequence 13Oelkers, Juergen, comp. "Reformpaedagogik: Tradition im Fortschritt." Piidagogik 41.5 (1989): 6-42. Behr,… |
Sequence 14Hamaker-Willink, Agaa th. "Briefe aus der Odenwaldschule (1930-1931)." Neue Sammlung 25.4 (1985): 520-562.… |
Sequence 15i , ... ,l~ • • .J Photos by Hershey Montessori Farm School students 316 The NAMTA Journal • Vol. 26, No. 3 • Summer 200 I |
Sequence 16THE ORIGINS OF AGRARIANISM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF by Victor Davis Hanson Professor Hanson locates the origins of… |
Sequence 17exist in other cultures. We're not supposed to speak of Western chauvinism now, but I think that I can prove to you that… |
Sequence 18ence, and material overabundance. The nature of human nature being what it is, we would quickly, as Nietzsche said, sink into… |
Sequence 19critics. I think in this case the Right was right, that eventually our capitalist system would create so many goods and… |
Sequence 20What happened? What made this unique culture? I've argued, and I think I can make the argument very briefly this morning… |
Sequence 1or Los Angeles. But the Greeks who began to live on the farm created a chauvinism about what they did and who they were.… |
Sequence 2Diversification also allows you to regiment the work year so that workers-your family or your hired laborers, and in the case… |
Sequence 3In addition, diversified crops don't require the same soil and climatic conditions. With diversification, now farmers… |
Sequence 4started to have threshing floors, presses, small little agricultural production centers right on their farms or shared by a… |
Sequence 5Classical culture did not create pyramids; it did not create great houses for mummi- fied remains of leaders. Most of the… |
Sequence 6I'm a military historian by training. The battlefield is the ultimate laboratory of an idea. I hate to say that, but it… |
Sequence 7We have that legacy of dynamism in the West, for good or for evil. The danger for a Western army is always another Western… |
Sequence 8In the Hellenistic period we will see farms of 5,000, 10,000, 15,000- the largest I know of was over 70,000 acres in Egypt.… |
Sequence 9you look at the long history of the West, that's the fight for the Western soul, and usually the period of the classical… |
Sequence 10start to see that Mexico developed in a way that did not completely embrace this Western paradigm. I can tell you that… |
Sequence 11was very well-meaning. But as soon as people got capital for them- selves, what did they do with it? Did they go out and buy… |
Sequence 12to follow an indigenous Aztec pattern of development. That's a very cruel thing to say, but it's absolutely true.… |
Sequence 13all of you as teachers should remember one thing: Your allegiance is not to make people feel good but it is to the truth.… |
Sequence 14going to pick the "nice" one and then complain that people can't give them good organic fruit. They… |
Sequence 15Students operating apple press 336 The NAMTA Journal • Vol. 26, No. 3 • Summer 2001 |
Sequence 16EMERGING PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FARM LIFE by Victor Davis Hanson with a response by Larry Schaefer Small-scale… |
Sequence 17And he said, "Well, you've got this Wal-Mart." Well, Wal-Mart in California-I suppose it's the… |
Sequence 18I said, "Yeah, democracy can be a terrible thing." He just stopped. He said, "What did you say?… |
Sequence 19Selma. Wal-Mart doesn't care. All they care about is that you have fifty- nine cents in your pocket and you're the… |
Sequence 20balance is the profile of the agrarian: The agrarian alone understands that proper balance. We go back to the image of… |
Sequence 21and was put in jail and they confiscated his tractor-a big scandal in the southern San Joaquin Valley. About that same time in… |
Sequence 22had obviously briefed When children grow up farming, they start to himthatpeoplewereflee- see natural laws that exist that… |
Sequence 23What tragedy from the agrarian experience does is to teach a stu- dent that there are certain terrible things in the world… |
Sequence 24within a citizen is to bring a skepticism. And citizens then bring that skepticism to everything-like Bill Clinton's… |
Sequence 25He said, "Oh, no." I said, "That's just a law. It's a canon. You can't escape it. It… |
Sequence 26even made some money on it. Then one May, right before we were going to pick it-it was absolutely beautiful-the whole orchard… |
Sequence 27There always must be this knowledge in a young person about the tragic nature, what the Greeks called the ephemeral existence… |
Sequence 28three hundred and you've got two hundred. What did you do wrong?" Or when I had these plum trees, thegreattrag… |
Sequence 1do something wrong now, no one is supposed to know about it. If you go into the Selma high school and you write your name or… |
Sequence 2is true that if a person blows a cylinder in a tractor right during harvest, someone will step forward. Farmers are the most… |
Sequence 3become a mechanic. They become less connected with the land. They use capital from off the farm to subsidize losses on the… |
Sequence 4carefully-not only admit that they lose money on the growing; they welcome it. They like that loss, because that means… |
Sequence 5Criticism of democracy has ea used the biggest trouble in my own life-not only in reviews but also after lectures-and some… |
Sequence 6Of course, we don't have too many of these areas in this country where this small farm area exists-except in Wisconsin,… |
Sequence 7moment you saw him. He stands out; he looks a farmer. He dresses differently. He's hard and strong and full of purpose.… |
Sequence 8tivated, where there is a clear distinction between success and failure, where an individual's success is based on merit… |
Sequence 9affluence, and materialism. But I do think that these pockets of educa- tion, the kind of education that you engage in, can… |
Sequence 10happen. But the reality is that probably a.ll of the schools in this room, or the majority of them, are in urban environments… |
Sequence 11deed, suspicion of cant and fad, time-honored values, all of these things can be applied in different non-agrarian directions… |